COVID-19 Social Engineering Attacks

As people around the world are faced with fears and concerns over the COVID-19 virus, criminals are also taking note. And unfortunately, they are using this as an opportunity to try and steal money and personal information by generating social engineering scams via email, text, and phone calls.

Over the past few weeks, there has been an increase in attempts to lure unsuspecting victims into going to malicious sites, clicking on malicious links, or providing personal information over the phone under the auspices of COVID-19. Many of these scams attempt to impersonate legitimate organizations, such as the Center for Disease Control or the World Health Organization, by offering fake informational updates and even promises of access to vaccines – all for a price, of course!

Social engineering constantly preys on the only vulnerability that cannot be patched, humans – you and me

Moreover, nobody is safe from these efforts – from administrative employees, contractors, and interns on up to the C-Suite and even business partners can be targets to obtain access to our networks and sensitive information. And for those of us now connecting to the office through our home networks, even our children are potential targets. It is a perpetual bombardment, every day, every minute of the day, 24/7/365.

Threat actors prefer the path of least of resistance. They hack the psyche of targets (who rarely realize the disguises) as well as rely on publically available intelligence and interactions to generate victim profiles. Cybercriminals are experts in the art of masquerading, manipulating, influencing, and devising lures to trick targets into divulging sensitive data, and/or giving them access to our networks and/or facilities.

Why waste an expensive 0-day when social engineering is so effective?

Understanding the primary attack vectors used by the adversary is key when it comes to deterrence; examples of social engineering based attacks include the following.

Digital Attacks

• Phishing/Spearphishing – Email-based attacks that target everyone or a specific person or role within an organization in order to entice individuals to click on malicious links or enter credentials or other personal information.
• Social Media Deception – Adversaries create fake profiles to befriend victims while posing as a current or former co-worker, job recruiter, or someone with a shared interest on social media, especially LinkedIn. Their goal is to trick the victim into providing sensitive information or downloading malware to their device.
• Pretexting – Attackers focus on creating a good pretext, or a false but believable fabricated story, so that they can use it to pretend to need certain information from their target in order to confirm their identity.
• WaterHoling – An attack strategy where attackers gather information about a targeted group of individuals within a certain organization, industry, or region as to what legitimate websites they often visit. Attackers look for vulnerabilities in these sites in order to infect them with malware. Eventually individuals in the targeted group will visit those sites and then become infected.

Phone Based Attacks

• Smishing – A text-based message attack that impersonates a legitimate source in order to lure a victim into downloading viruses and malware onto their cell phone or other mobile device.
• Vishing – Phone-based attack in which adversaries call a cell phone pretending to be from a legitimate source, such as a bank, as a means to try and convince the target into divulging sensitive information such as credit card information or social security numbers. Tactics used by these scammers often rely on what’s known as “caller ID spoofing”. ID spoofing allows them to generate phone calls that appear to be from a legitimate or local sources.